Chitosan
• Chitosan is derived from chitin, a fibrous compound found mainly on the hard outer skeletons of crustaceans and in the cell walls of some fungi.
• Versatile biomaterials as they are non-toxic, low allergenic, biocompatible and biodegradable.
• Used for antimicrobial films for food packaging, in medications and tissue engineering as well as other applications
• Versatile biomaterials as they are non-toxic, low allergenic, biocompatible and biodegradable.
• Used for antimicrobial films for food packaging, in medications and tissue engineering as well as other applications
It is made by treating the chitin shells of shrimp and other crustaceans with an alkaline substance, such as sodium hydroxide.
The low solubility of chitosan in neutral and alkaline solution limits its application, and chemical modification into composites or hydrogels is needed to make it further useful.
Chitosan-based composites are used in food packaging applications either as films or as edible coatings to extend the life of products.
Chitosan coatings possess good oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier properties and its antimicrobial properties can also retard microorganisms development.
Chitosan is used to decrease bleeding as upon contact with blood, the bandage becomes extremely sticky, and this adhesive-like effect seals the laceration.
It may also decrease the growth of bacteria and fungi, and may be useful as a burn dressing.
Chitosan and derivatives have been explored in the development of nanomaterials, bioadhesives, wound dressing materials, improved drug delivery systems, enteric coatings, and in medical devices.
Chitosan nanofiber membranes have a high degree of biocompatibility and may support new bone formation.
It can be used in agriculture as a seed treatment and biopesticide.
In winemaking, it can be used as a fining agent, also helping to prevent spoilage and can be used in a self-healing polyurethane paint coating.
Chitosan causes fine sediment particles to bind together, and is subsequently removed with the sediment during sand filtration. It also removes heavy minerals, dyes, and oils from the water.